an inverted open tank is held in place by a force r

These include spacers, valved holding chambers, and breath-actuated devices. In addition, technologies that aid the correct use of MDIs will be discussed. This review focuses on the current state-of-the-art of MDI hardware and includes discussion of enhancements made to the device’s core subsystems. The device hardware includes a canister that is appropriately sized to contain sufficient formulation for the required number of doses, a metering valve capable of delivering a consistent amount of drug with each dose delivered, an actuator mouthpiece that atomizes the formulation and serves as a conduit to deliver the aerosol to the patient, and often an indicating mechanism that provides information to the patient on the number of doses remaining. MDIs consist of a formulation containing dissolved or suspended drug and hardware needed to contain the formulation and enable efficient and consistent dose delivery to the patient.

Pressurized metered dose inhalers (MDIs) were first introduced in the 1950s and they are currently widely prescribed as portable systems to treat pulmonary conditions.

An inverted open tank is held in place by a force r